![]() ![]() and other tick genera are occasionally found on humans as well. were associated with human otoacariasis, especially Amblyomma testudinarium ( 8) and Dermacentor steini ( 9). Among tick species found in Thailand, Amblyomma spp. ![]() ![]() Of the hard ticks in Thailand, there are 25 species within genus Haemaphysalis, 10 Ixodes, 13 Amblyomma, 5 Dermacentor, 4 Rhipicephalus, and Nosomma monstrosum. In Thailand, four species within Argasidae (2 Argas and 2 Ornithodoros) and 58 species within Ixodidae have been recorded. In Southeast Asia, 97 tick species (5 in Argasidae and 93 in Ixodidae) have been described ( 7). Several pathogens are known to be carried by either hard ticks (Ixodidae) or soft ticks (Argasidae), including a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa ( 2– 6). Different tick species favor different habitats, which ultimately defines their geographical distribution and thus the risk areas for human or animal infections. Ticks are recognized as a medically important group of arthropods that transmit a number of diseases to humans ( 1). These results provide valuable information on the bacterial community composition and co-infection rates in questing ticks in Thailand, with implications for animal and human health. However, when examining bacterial diversity among tick life stages (larva, nymph, and adult) in Haemaphysalis spp., no significant difference among life stages was detected. was significantly different from Amblyomma spp. Alpha and beta diversities analyses showed that the bacterial community diversity and composition in Haemaphysalis spp. Profiling the bacterial community in ticks using metagenomics revealed distinct, predominant bacterial taxa in tick genera. infection in particular ( p-values = 0.003 and 0.917 for Ehrlichia spp. than those without, with statistical significance for Ehrlichia spp. Ticks harboring the Coxiella-like endosymbiont were more likely to be infected with Ehrlichia spp. Among tick genera, Haemaphysalis exhibited the highest prevalence of infection with the Coxiella-like endosymbiont. Of ticks tested, 65.8% were positive for the Coxiella-like endosymbiont, with the highest infection rate in nymphs (86.7%), followed by females (83.4%). The prevalence of the Coxiella-like endosymbiont was also investigated. or Anaplasma spp.), accounting for 4.6% of infected ticks or 0.7% of all examined questing ticks. Co-infection between pathogenic bacteria was only detected in three Haemaphysalis females, and all co-infections were between Rickettsia spp. were the most prevalent bacteria (7.9%) found, followed by Ehrlichia spp. exhibiting the highest infection rate (20.5%), followed by Haemaphysalis spp. A total of 62 ticks were found to be infected with pathogenic bacteria, for a 14.3% prevalence rate, with Amblyomma spp. Four hundred and thirty-three questing ticks were selected for pathogen detection individually using real-time PCR assays, and 58 of these were subjected to further metagenomics analysis. In this study, bacterial communities were investigated in active life stages of three tick genera ( Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, and Amblyomma) collected from Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. Ticks are known vectors for a variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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